Guns, Germs, and Steel Study Guide

AP World History Summer Reading Assignment Guns, Germs, and Steel Chapter 1: Up to the Starting Line Q: What was the Great Leap Forward? Portray the life of a Cro-Magnon individual. What effect did the appearance of people have on huge creatures? Give a model. Which landmass had a head start in 11,000 BCE (Before Common Era)? A: the extraordinary jump forward was when mankind's history initially started to take off and the people around then started to turn out to be increasingly similar to us present day people today. The people that were generally like present day people were called Cro-Magnon. Cro-Magnons were tracker finders and they surpassed in that area.They delivered various devices with unmistakable shapes that are handily related to present day devices. The Cro-Magnons were progressed contrasted with early people and this appeared in their apparatuses and the way that they made instruments of stone, yet in addition bone. Around the appearance of people it was supposed to be that numerous enormous creatures became wiped out and many accept people were at fault. Climate it was on the grounds that people straightforwardly slaughtered the huge creatures for food, or in the event that they did it by implication through their activities to the general condition, that is as yet being debated.There are numerous instances of huge creatures turning out to be wiped out that can be given, for example, the basic one the wooly mammoth. Presently, the Cro-Magnons resembled most current people and were exceptionally best in class contrasted with different people on different mainlands, however is it since they are from the landmass of Africa? The creator expresses that in 11,000 BCE Africa was the one mainland that had a head start since it is where people started to initially create. Section 3: Collision at Cajamarca Q: Write a passage clarifying your perspectives on the occasion of November 16, 1532.What strikes you the most? For what reason was Pizarro so effectiv e? An: On the occasion of November 16, 1532 conquistador Francisco Pizarro and his military of just 168 men more than assaulted the Inca town of Cajamarca, populating around 80,000 individuals. They butchered them. In this part it recounts how undefeated Pizarro and his military are. My perspectives on Pizarro is he is a brilliant man considering his methodologies utilized in fight. The creator tells how Pizarro had just twelve firearms and how he utilized them more in a mental manner than truly to kill.What strikes me the most is the way Pizarro and his men slaughtered 80,000 Indians when there was just 168 of them and not one of his men were hurt. It says how they would discharge the firearms and it would alarm and frenzy the Indians and that near all Indians were executed by blades and knifes. I discover this methodology extremely savvy and I think it is a piece of why Pizarro was so fruitful in vanquishing and overcoming others. Part 4: Farmer Power Q: Write a section clarifying the diagram. Do you concur with the creators ends? What focal points are picked up by being the first to tame animals?A: The diagram in this section is clarifying the variables that permit a few people to beat others. For instance, the factor of having trained creatures and plants permitted plagues and ailments. In any case, simultaneously local creatures and plants gave economical food. I concur with the author’s end and the graph since the facts confirm that something great and advantageous may likewise cause hurt. On the note of having tamed creatures and plants, to numerous it gave them a favorable position. It permitted, similar to I said previously, economical food.That food source empowered numerous to be taken care of and it prompted tows being fabricated. With that food gracefully, it additionally prompted armed force being worked to ensure that food flexibly and town. Concerning the trained creatures they helped for food too and for instance, creatures, for example , ponies would help give a bit of leeway to officers in war. Tamed creatures and plants went about as a solid base that permitted further development and improvement. Part 8: Apples or Indians Q: Why was the Fertile Crescent inclined to have such an intense head star in such a significant number of zones of advancement: composing, urban communities, and empires?What reason does the creator give for human flesh consumption in New Guinea? A: The Fertile Crescent had a head star in numerous zones of advancement. The explanation being, it’s numerous focal points. The Fertile Crescent had points of interest, for example, great atmosphere, normal yields that develop there, and its wide scope of height. The Fertile Crescent having these favorable circumstances permitted individuals to settle there. Much the same as tamed plants and creatures went about as a base for individuals, the Fertile Crescent did likewise. Utilizing it as a base people at that point started developing claims to urban areas to in the long run realms and being able to compose. Be that as it may, the individuals of New Guinea were not as karma. They were nothing but bad at chasing and assembling and were not fortunate in finding fruitful ground to cultivate. As per creator, James Diamond, because of protein starvation the individuals of New Guinea went to human flesh consumption. Part 9: Zebras, Unhappy Marriages, and the Anna Karenina Principal Q: Identify and characterize the Ancient Fourteen. What is training? Which creatures most aided Eurasians?A: The Ancient Fourteen is a rundown of â€Å"big† creatures that were trained before the twentieth century. 9 of the 14 are not normal creatures and are just found in specific pieces of the world. They are alluded to as the Minor 9 and those creatures are the Arabian camel, the Bactrian camel, llama/alpaca, jackass, reindeer, water wild ox, yak, banteng, and gaur. The 5 remaining over creatures from the rundown are the most significant and basic of the antiquated 14. Those 5 creatures are cows, sheep, goats, ponies, and pigs.All of these creatures were tamed and that implies they were restrained to emphasize qualities that are valuable to people. Tamed creatures veered from their wild precursors and are distinctive in manners, for example, size, appearance, and conduct. Eurasia’s huge natural assorted variety and land mass helped them to have the option to train creatures. Those trained creatures helped them out a ton like pony, pigs, water wild ox, yak, gaur, banteg, and auroch. Part 10: Spacious Skies and Tilted Axis Q: Why did individuals who lived on an east-west become the world’s conquerors?What was it about the Americas and Africa that put these two mainlands at a formative disservice? An: As discussed in past parts the Fertile Crescent is similarly as it is called, rich. Because of the Fertile Crescent being prolific, it permitted yields to develop in an overflow and consequently, the individ uals there had the option to grow a lot snappier than others. The Fertile Crescent is situated on an east-west pivot and terrains along the east-west hub will in general have that day length and occasional varieties. They likewise share for all intents and purpose, comparable illnesses, temperature, precipitation, and habitat.With that stated, the yields from the Fertile Crescent extended along the east-west hub permitting what befell the Fertile Crescent to of happen to the remainder of the east-west pivot and it is additionally what permitted the east-west hub to turn into the world’s vanquishers. The east-west hub is predictable and it varies from the north-south pivot. In contrast to the east-west pivot, the north-south hub doesn't have comparable things, for example, occasional changes and day length. That makes it harder for a harvest that has just evolved, for instance, toward the north, to be moved toward the south or bad habit versa.This factor directly here gave the Americas and Africa, two landmasses on the north south hub, a formative drawback. Section 16: How China Became Chinese Q: Why was China ready to overwhelm East Asia? An: It initially started with language. In China, they are 8 â€Å"big† or principle dialects spoken. As the Chinese spread to South China and all through Asia they got energetic in changing over other ethnic groups’ dialects and constrained at that point to desert their local tongue. Essentially, the Chinese idea their language was unrivaled and others were inferior.Then, China started to impact others with their creation of food. China had a head start on food creation contrasted with others and was first to tame a ton of things over yonder, for example, pigs. Another famous thing that was delivered by the Chinese that spread was rice. A principle factor that permitted China to overwhelm East Asia alongside food and language was their composing framework. That was a major advance that permitted them to progress. It was a solitary all around bore witness to composing framework and it was ideal enough to supplant some other frameworks being use in China at that point.

Top Reasons to Use PHP on Your Website

Top Reasons to Use PHP on Your Website Presently that you are happy with utilizing HTML on your site, the time has come to handle PHP, a programming languageâ you can use to improve your HTML website. Why use PHP? Here are some incredible reasons. Inviting With HTML Any individual who as of now has a site and knows about HTML can without much of a stretch make the progression to PHP. Truth be told, PHP and HTML are compatible inside the page. You can put PHP outside the HTML or inside. While PHP adds new highlights to your site, the fundamental appearance is still totally made with HTML. Peruse increasingly about utilizing PHP with HTML. Intelligent Features PHP permits you to communicate with your guests in manners HTML alone cant. You can utilize it to plan basic email frames or expand shopping baskets that spare past requests and suggest comparative items. It can likewise convey intuitive gatherings and private informing systems.â Simple to Learn PHP is much simpler to begin with than you may might suspect. By learning only a couple of straightforward capacities, you can do a great deal of things with your site. When you know the rudiments, look at theâ wealth of contents accessible on the web that you just need to change somewhat to accommodate your needs.â First class Online Documentation The PHP documentation is the best on the web. Undoubtedly. Each capacity and strategy call is archived, and most have huge amounts of models you can examine, alongside remarks from other users.â A lot of Blogs There are a ton of extraordinary PHP writes on the web. Regardless of whether you need an inquiry replied or need to hobnob with PHP master software engineers, there are websites for you.â Minimal effort and Open Source PHP is accessible online completely free. It is acknowledged all around so you can utilize it on all site improvement and configuration undertakings. Good With Databases With an expansion or reflection layer, PHP underpins a wide scope of databases including MySql. It Just Works PHP tackles issues simpler and quicker than nearly whatever else out there. It is easy to use, cross-stage and simple to learn. What number of more reasons do you have to attempt PHP on your site? Justâ start learning PHP.

Google HRM Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Google HRM - Term Paper Example The present paper presents Google as one of the most notable online organizations on the planet. Numerous web organizations appeared after the web air pocket of a decade ago of twentieth century. It is imperative to take note of that not every one of them were incredibly effective and many announced substantial misfortunes. Google was an exemption in the web business since it was effective in getting by as well as fruitful in developing into a goliath enterprise. The advancement the organization has made is colossal and it is one of the best web firms that are as yet standing tall today. The quick development of Google is chiefly a direct result of its inventive culture and initiative. The purposes for the achievement of Google are its administration style, authority, imaginative culture, and educational human asset the executives rehearses. The organization is such a major name today in view of its workers. Google representatives are known to be creative and out of the crate scholar s. The organization has set new points of reference in the field of human asset the executives and hierarchical conduct. Steady development has made Google what it is today. The organization never halted after their renowned web search tool rather they utilized their web index to begin a commercial program which helped them become considerably more. Today Google is as yet thinking of more up to date items with the goal that its name stays in the brains of the customers. It is a direct result of this methodology that Google has earned the notoriety of trailblazer in the web business. ... The organization is such a major name today as a result of its workers. Google representatives are known to be creative and out of the case masterminds. The organization has set new points of reference in the field of human asset the executives and hierarchical conduct. Consistent advancement has made Google what it is today. The organization never halted after their popular web search tool rather they utilized their internet searcher to begin an ad program which helped them become significantly more. Today Google is as yet thinking of more up to date items with the goal that its name stays in the brains of the purchasers. It is a direct result of this methodology that Google has earned the notoriety of innovator in the web business. Human Resource Management at Google The human asset the executives arrangement and practice of Google is praiseworthy. The position that Google has accomplished today on the planet is essentially because of its inventive representatives and HR approaches . Workers are given a free hand, all things considered, in the organization. Representative opportunity is one of the principle qualities of hierarchical culture at Google. The organization has a tribe culture where everybody collaborates with one another unreservedly. Treatment of representatives at Google is likewise very unique in relation to different organizations. Offices offered by Google are stunning to such an extent that each software engineering related individual on the planet needs to work in the organization. Underneath we will talk about various elements of human asset the board at Google. Occupation configuration, preparing, enlistment, determination, execution evaluation, advancement framework, pay, and general administrative style of Google will be examined in detail beneath. Employment Design Issues The primary occupations at Google are inventive in nature. Workers are required to concoct new

Mothers vs Fathers Making Parent # 1

Mothers vs Fathers Making Parent # 1? Traditionally, most societies considered a man as a breadwinner responsible for the material well-being of his family, whereas a woman performed the role of a hearth keeper in charge of the children and home. However, the situation have changed considerably in the last several decades: men now participate more actively in the upbringing process starting from being present at childs birth and finishing with some babysitting if their wives choose to pursue a career. However, many people still believe that women are better at parenting than men. One of the main concerns behind this attitude is that women usually have more housekeeping skills. But personally I believe that they are not something we are born with: women learn them, so why cannot men do the same, especially when electrical appliances have made housekeeping so much easier? Another idea, which is often referred to, is that women are gentler and kinder in nature, so a child will get more affection. However, this point seems to be only partially true. First of all, men are generally not so hard-hearted. They just do not tend to express their emotions. But their attitude to their child can still be full of love and care, which the child would undoubtedly feel. Secondly, newspapers and TV reports are abundant in stories when mothers, being addicted to drugs, treated their children in an absolutely inhuman way, which proves that love and care are actually the matter of personal features rather than a gender issue. The only real advantage women have over men as parents is the ability to breastfeed. But lets face it: if a woman does not care about a baby, she is very unlikely to breastfeed. To sum up, parenting is more a call of ones heart rather than an inherent characteristic and a gender issue. So, men can make as good parents as women.

History of the Plow - Who Invented It

When it comes to farming tools, the instruments used back in George Washingtons day were no better than those used during the time of  Julius Caesar.  In fact, some of the tools from ancient Rome—like their early plow—were superior to those that were used in America 18 centuries later. That was until the modern plow came along, of course. What Is a Plow? A plow (also spelled plough) is a farm tool with one or more heavy blades that breaks the soil and cuts a furrow (small ditch) for sowing seeds. An important piece of the plow is called a moldboard, which is a wedge formed by the curved part of a steel blade that turns the furrow. Early Plows Some of the first plows used in the United States were little more than a crooked stick with an iron point attached which simply scratched the ground. Plows of this sort were used in Illinois as late as 1812. Evidently, improvements were desperately needed, particularly a design to turn a deep furrow for planting seeds. Early attempts at improvement were often just heavy chunks of tough wood crudely cut into shape with a wrought-iron point and attached clumsily. The moldboards were rough, and no two curves were alike—at that time, country blacksmiths made plows only on order and few even had patterns for them. Additionally, plows could turn a furrow in soft ground only if the oxen or horses were strong enough, and friction was such a big problem that three men and several animals were often required to turn a furrow when the ground was hard. Who Invented the Plow? Several people contributed to the invention of the plow, with each individual contributing something unique that gradually improved the efficacy of the tool over time. Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson worked out an elaborate design for an effective moldboard.  However, he was too interested in other things besides inventing to keep working on agricultural tools, and he never attempted to patent his product. Charles Newbold and David Peacock The first real inventor of the practical plow was Charles Newbold of Burlington County, New Jersey; he received a patent for a cast-iron plow in June of 1797. However, American farmers mistrusted the plow. They believed it poisoned the soil and fostered the growth of weeds. Ten years later, in 1807, David Peacock received a plow patent and eventually procured two others. However, Newbold sued Peacock for patent infringement and recovered damages. It was the first patent infringement case involving a plow. Jethro Wood Another plow inventor was Jethro Wood, a blacksmith from Scipio, New York. He received two patents, one in 1814 and the other in 1819. His plow was cast iron and made in three parts so that a broken part could be replaced without purchasing a whole new plow. This principle of standardization marked a great advance. By this time, farmers were forgetting their former prejudices and were enticed to buy plows. Though Woods original patent was extended, patent infringements were frequent and he is said to have spent his entire fortune in prosecuting them. John Deere In 1837, John Deere developed and marketed the worlds first self-polishing cast-steel plow. These large plows made for cutting the tough American prairie ground were called grasshopper plows. William Parlin Skilled blacksmith  William Parlin of Canton, Illinois began making plows around 1842. He traveled around the country by wagon selling them. John Lane and James Oliver In 1868, John Lane patented a soft-center steel plow. The hard-but-brittle surface of the tool was backed by softer, more tenacious metal  to reduce the breakage. The same year, James Oliver—a Scottish immigrant who had settled in  Indiana—received a patent for the chilled plow. Using an ingenious method, the wearing surfaces of the casting were cooled more quickly than those of the back. The pieces which came in contact with the soil had a hard, glassy surface while the body of the plow was made of tough iron.  Oliver later founded Oliver Chilled Plow Works. Plow Advances and Farm Tractors From the single plow, advances were made to two or more plows fastened together, allowing for more work to be done with approximately the same amount of manpower (or animal-power). Another advance was the sulky plow, which allowed the plowman to ride, rather than walk. Such plows were in use as early as 1844. The next step forward was to replace animals that pulled the plows with traction engines. By 1921, farm tractors were both doing the work better and pulling more plows—50-horsepower engines could pull 16 plows, harrows, and a grain drill. Farmers could thus perform the three operations of plowing, harrowing, and planting all at the same time and cover 50 acres or more in a day. Today, plows are not used nearly as extensively as before. This is  due in large part to the popularity of minimum tillage systems designed to reduce soil erosion and conserve moisture.

Beauty Is No Longer A Personal Matter - 1202 Words

The definition of beauty is vague because beauty itself is a quite subjective matter. A certain features may be considered as beautiful to some, but not to others. It comes to a conclusion that beauty is defined by the society an individual belongs to. With the help of the mass media, a number of computer edited images are presented to the public, and these images are often promoted as â€Å"beautiful.† Many people seek to alter their appearances through surgeries, and some even become obsessed with the thought of beauty that they go through numerous surgeries in attempt to achieve the â€Å"perfect look.† These obsessive thoughts with regards to beauty can be explained through the interactionist perspective, in which shared meanings are established through the social interactions between individuals within a society. Beauty is no longer a personal matter, indeed it has become a form of judgment by other people. Every day, people are judged by their appearances, which t rigger the idea of altering the look and body to fulfill what other people consider as beauty. In fact, plastic surgery provides the perfect chance for individuals, who are not satisfied with their appearance, to make a change. Yet, it is a controversial topic because plastic surgery falls in a grey zone between necessity for victims of injuries and diseases and a cosmetic tool for those who simply do it to enhance their appearance. Plastic surgery has three major disadvantages: the medical risks, addiction, andShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Art?, And Marcel Duchamp s The Creative Act1067 Words   |  5 Pagesexplanation of art thought the combined in structure and form to express the truth and beauty of Salcedo’s work, the nonfigurative subject catches the symbolic harrowing moment of the effect of war and violence happened, also a metaphor of her culture idea and individual meaning, experience her political view to deal with female issue of the subject matter. The female shoes as the subject of this artwork do not have the beauty and cannot understand the truth at the first sign, but the form the art clearlyRead MoreBeauty vs. Brain1090 Words   |  5 Pages[Beauty vs Brain!] * In todays world, the packing is more important that the content. The cover of the book is more important the book itself. The cast of the movie attracts the audiences to theatres than the storyline. 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There are two ways you can judge beauty, by appearance (external) and inner (internal) qualities. The noticeable beauty is what is visible on the surface; it does not have as much value as the beauty that is unseen which comes from within and glows outward. Therefore, judging people by looking at their appearance is irrelevant because beauty is more than what we look like. Our experiences in life, our self-confidence and our character traits define who we really are as individualsRead MoreEffects Of Plastic Surgery On The Eye Of The Beholder1591 Words   |  7 Pages It has been stated that beauty is in the eye of the beholder. It’s also been stated that beauty is only skin deep. While each statement holds valuable substance, perhaps beauty being in the eye of the beholder holds more influence in today’s society. The obsessio n of physical beauty, according to the media, has plastic surgery on an all time high, and is more popular than ever. 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Society had been successfully brainwashed by the media to think that there was only one version of beauty that wearing the hijab wasn’t beautiful it was oppressing. I listened to my friends and I witnessed their reactions to me in a hijab and although they supported me, they never understood the concept of hijab. Many times I am surrounded by people andRead MoreBeauty : Self Harm For Men And Women1401 Words   |  6 PagesBeauty: Self-Harm for Men and Women Aristotle once said, â€Å"Personal beauty is greater recommendation than any letter of reference.† One of the greatest philosophers recognized the importance of physical attractiveness. Although Aristotle recognized the importance of physical beauty in 300 BC, appearance is still of great significance in today’s culture. Americans idolize beauty because, over the decades, men and women have learned to use their appearance for personal advantage. 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The media broadcast images of beauty to control people consciously. Technological advance helps people to reach the information quickly and cumulatively, but media not always

Satire Of Gullivers Travels Essay Example For Students

Satire Of Gullivers Travels Essay In Gullivers Travels, Jonathan Swift makes a satirical attack on humanity. In the final book, Swift takes a stab at humanity by simultaneously criticizing physiological, mental, and spiritual aspects of humans. Literary critics Ronald Knowles and Irvin Ehrenpreis both agree that the last book focused entirely on satirizing humanity. The Yahoo brutes that inhabit Houyhnhnm Land are a despicable species that have the physical appearance of humans. Though their behavior seems to be decadent and irrational, Swift shows that most of their behavior have parallels in the life of civilized humans. The Houyhnhnms seem to embody virtue and all the perfections that humans seek, but there are inconsistencies in their behavior that are reflective human faults. The Houyhnhnms do not look human in appearance, so Swift uses them to reveal hypocrisies of human thought. Throughout the book, Swift makes attacks on the religious perception of man; He also expresses disagreement with deist ideology. Ehre npreis and Knowles have very similar opinions concerning Book IV of Gullivers Travels, but Knowles expresses a more concrete interpretation of the satire. According to Ehrenpreis, Swift lived in John Lockes time, and takes many ideas of humanity from him. Locke said that humans tend to classify species as man by their physical appearance. If there was a man without reason, he would be a dull irrational man, and if there was an animal could express reason, they would be an intelligent and rational animal. To Ehrenpreis, the Yahoos embody an ironical reflection upon the fact that the bulk of unthinking men do in practice treat external shape as a sounder guide to humanity than reasonable conduct. Besides being more primitive than humans, Yahoos behave and function like civilized humans. Knowles points out that Yahoos fight with other groups and each other without apparent reason. Their avarice for certain shiny stones of no practical use lead to more fighting and theft. In more contemporary or civilized societies, those shiny stones can be paralleled to material possessions such as jewelry. Knowles observes that like humans, Yahoos suck the juice from a particular root that produces the same affect as alcohol. Similar to many humans, the Yahoos consumed the juices without temperance. Ehrenpreis thinks that Swift uses the Yahoos to as an example of Lockes suggestion that humans are more easily identified by vice than virtue. The Houyhnhnms seem to be reasonable, rational characters. They also seem to embody good virtues that humans strive to achieve. Ehrenpreis and Knowles both find inconsistencies in the depiction of Houyhnhnms. Ehrenpreis believes that the paradoxes in the writing are supposed to reflect paradoxes of human thought. When Gulliver first meets the inhabitants of Houyhnhnm Land, they are curious about the covering on his body. The Houyhnhnms are surprised when they first see him take off his hat; It is a reasonable and natural reaction since the Houyhnhnms do not wear clothing. Ehrenpreis argues that repeated occurrences show that Houyhnhnm thought revolves around being a horse. He thinks that is reflective of the anthropocentricity of humans. An example of the anthropocentricity of humans is the attempt to communicate with babies. A newborn does not know any human languages, but adults often assume that the baby is trying to talk to them when they make meaningless noises. Knowles thinks t hat the Houyhnhnms are not ideal characters, but reflections of humans. If the whinny, neighing like sounds are eliminated from Houyhnhnm, the word Hounum is a jumbled pronunciation of human. According to Knowles, the Houyhnhnm society implies that their beliefs ore founded on self-deception. The limits of my language mean the limits of my world. The Houyhnhnm language did not have negative words like war, deceit, and evil. By the quote above, Ludwig Wittgenstein suggests that Houyhnhnms could not have a true sense of good if they did not know what evil was. The Houyhnhnms also embody a sense of arrogance and bias that exists in humans. Their only sense of evil is in terms of the Yahoos. That is reflective of some governing institutions that blame others as the source of corruption and evil. Historically, groups like gypsies, Armenians, and Jews have fallen under that category of scapegoats. When the Houyhnhnms observe Gulliver, they immediately classify him as a Yahoo. By doing so, they do not act as rational creatures because they ignore the great number of differences and only observe superficial similarities. The idea of not being able to understand good without understanding evil can be explained in religious terms as well. .uf8a130240af89bd3ad7712166bf3da16 , .uf8a130240af89bd3ad7712166bf3da16 .postImageUrl , .uf8a130240af89bd3ad7712166bf3da16 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf8a130240af89bd3ad7712166bf3da16 , .uf8a130240af89bd3ad7712166bf3da16:hover , .uf8a130240af89bd3ad7712166bf3da16:visited , .uf8a130240af89bd3ad7712166bf3da16:active { border:0!important; } .uf8a130240af89bd3ad7712166bf3da16 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf8a130240af89bd3ad7712166bf3da16 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf8a130240af89bd3ad7712166bf3da16:active , .uf8a130240af89bd3ad7712166bf3da16:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf8a130240af89bd3ad7712166bf3da16 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf8a130240af89bd3ad7712166bf3da16 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf8a130240af89bd3ad7712166bf3da16 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf8a130240af89bd3ad7712166bf3da16 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf8a130240af89bd3ad7712166bf3da16:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf8a130240af89bd3ad7712166bf3da16 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf8a130240af89bd3ad7712166bf3da16 .uf8a130240af89bd3ad7712166bf3da16-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf8a130240af89bd3ad7712166bf3da16:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Brave New World And The Giver: Similar Yet Differe EssayThroughout Book IV, there are many links to Christian ideas. Ehrenpreis thinks that Swifts writing plays off a debate between Locke and Stillingfleet over the definition of man. Stillingfleet uses a Trinitarian argument that defines man as a creature that enjoys a special subsistence. This definition is not practical because the special subsistence is not defined. Locke defines it as that faculty, whereby man is supposed to be distinguished from beasts, and wherein it is evident he much surpasses them. It seems that Swift does not support either argument, because the physical subsistence of man is embodied in irration al creatures, while the intellectual subsistence is embodied in a rational beast. Knowles shows that by giving a beast reason, Swift can point out the fallibility of Deist thought. Anthony Collins wrote, whosoever live by reason are Christians. Since the Houyhnhnms live by reason, then it can be implied that they are Christians. The ending of Book IV is another attack on Deist thought. The Deists thought that every Man is bound to follow the Rules and Directions of that Measure of Reason which God hath given him It is the mistake of wise and good men that they expect more Reason and Virtue from human nature, than taking it in the bulk, it is in any sort capable of. When Gulliver returned to England, he measures humans by Houyhnhnm standards of reason and virtue, and becomes disappointed because he expects Yahoo brutalism. Ehrenpreis has a different interpretation of the ending. He believes that the kind of influence the Houyhnhnms ideal virtues had on Gulliver is similar to the stri ct and perfect obedience to Christian ideals as would have been done in eighteenth century society. So Swift is saying, if men did practice Christianity in such a manner, they would destroy civilization as they knew it, in the same way Gulliver destroyed his family. Jonathan Swift uses a lot of satire in writing Gullivers Travels. Some of the satire is blunt and apparent. The Yahoos, with their exact likeness to humans in form, conveyed the degenerative nature of humans without civilization. At the same time, their presence also brings about the realization that even under the guise of civilization, humans are corrupt and decadent. The use of the ideal Houyhnhnms is deceiving. The apparent reason for using reasonable animals is to make the human-like Yahoos seem more irrational. From literary criticisms by Knowles and Ehrenpreis, it seems like the Houyhnhnms were used as objects of satire. What was not apparent, but pointed out by both critics was the fact that inconsistencies in the Houyhnhnm character are reflective of paradoxes in human thought. The only support Ehrenpreis gave was the parallel between the hippocentricity of the Houyhnhnms and the anthropocentricity of humans. Knowles used many examples from the book to support his ideas. The most subtle criticisms were made on religion. Ehrenpreis explanations mostly used supporting evidence from Locke. He used an argument against Trinitarianism and another on Christianity in general. Knowles explanation of the religious satire seemed more plausible because it was focused on Deism. He used works from many authors to first convey Deist ideals, then from examples in the book, tried to show the paradoxes. English Essays

The main principles of development and learning by Vygotsky

As indicated in the study by Tajmel and Starl (2009), Vygotsky can be considered the leading, most progressive representative, and the greatest supporter of the social constructivism theories and concepts. â€Å"Two important concepts for Vygotsky are thought and language† (Tajmel Starl, 2009, p. 181).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The main principles of development and learning by Vygotsky specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This means that the child begins to understand the meaning of cultural patterns he/she encounters in the process of using language and thinking about the events that happen around with regard to the language patterns and situations in society. From Vygotsky’s perspectives, the learning and development are reviewed in the context of social learning and can be understood with the help of the language acquisition paradigms. The abbreviation ZPD refers to zone of proximal deve lopment explained by Vygotsky through the relationship between the actual level of development and potential level of development in the process of problem solving based on adult guidance or â€Å"in collaboration with more capable peers† (Tajmel Starl, 2009, p. 181). In other words, the zone of approximate development can be found out when a student is assessed comparing to other students of the same age and similar skills. The main principles of development and learning indicated by Vygotsky include scaffolding, social environments, and collaboration between a teacher and students or guidelines as the method to advance learning. In terms of Vygotsky’s concept, Pinter (2006) claims that all pupil’s learning take place through conversations with social interactions introducing a perfect theory for theme-based learning because the themes suggest social context in which different language patterns occur. Scaffolding is regarded as one of the major roles of a teac her in class with regard to the constructivist theory of education used for language acquisition instruction (Jonassen, 1999).Advertising Looking for assessment on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, the scaffolding is viewed as the method which changes the support level the teacher provides to mentor students. In the lesson plan, interaction patterns clearly illustrate how pupils and teacher work together. Collaboration between students and teacher is regarded as one of the integral parts of educational activity in terms of constructivism theory where a teacher should mentor students in a democratic manner (Jonassen, 1999). Vygotsky (1978) believes that the knowledge is gained through practical implementation of certain theory. In other words, experience is the main way to learn something. This constructivist approach suggest a good background for the theme-based learning activities because students can le arn new concepts (in this case, students acquire a foreign language and learn new vocabulary units and language patterns) through some hypothetical situations. The study by Piaget and Inhelder (1969) also reviews the knowledge acquisition as the practical activity that takes place in specific learning environments. The advantages of pair work and group work were discussed in different studies (Doff, 1988; Martine, n. d.). As such, Doff (1988) claims that more active involvement and higher level of interest are the main advantages of using group work and pair work (p. 140) while Martine (n. d.) lists such advantages as â€Å"more secure and positive classroom atmosphere† and â€Å"increase [of] students’ talking time† (p. 35). At the same time, the role of a teacher in class may shift from guiding and assessing to scaffolding which is the basic role suggested for constructive development learning classes. The impact of such theorists as Vygotsky (1962), Bruner (1 966), Piaget(1967), and Garner(1983) on childhood education is enormous because each of these researchers contributed to understanding of applicable patterns to facilitate and advance effectiveness of learning.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The main principles of development and learning by Vygotsky specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Bruner (1966) outlined the basic principles of education where one of the major roles belongs to conceptualisation of objects. In other words, all activities should be conceptualising according to Bruner. In the light of Vygotsky’s concept, Bruner’s model of representation can be considered the one introduced in the lesson plan discussed because action-based learning includes role-playing and games whereas image-based learning includes pictures and visual images; at the same time, the lesson plan uses symbolic/language representation in the activities because lear ners try to associate the words in the foreign language with certain symbols and words in the native language. The concept of scaffolding for lesson plans was discussed by Bruner and other researchers (Wood, Bruner, Ross, 1976). The lesson plan includes basic format and routines whereas warming up activities are regarded as routines because they are essential and cannot be excluded from the plan; at the same time, basic format includes a number of activities that can be either addressed or not during the lesson. Piaget’s perspectives are largely based on the theories by Vygotsky and are similar to those. The study by Sigelman and Rider (2011) focuses on the four stages of cognitive development suggested by Jean Piaget because he saw the cognitive development process as the way people adapt to the social environment. As such, the four stages of development include the following periods and typical tasks children can accomplish: sensorimotor (from birth to approximately 2 yea rs) is characterised by senses in combination with motor actions used by children to learn the world; preoperational (from 2 to 7 years) when symbolic meanings are addressed regardless of lack of logical thinking to build the patterns; concrete operations (from 7 to 11 years) characterised by acquisition of logical operations used for knowledge acquisition and data processing and evaluation with regard to reference to the real world problems and solutions; formal operations (from 11 years to older) when hypothetical and abstract concepts/problems are suggested to be solved (Piaget, 1977; Sigelman Rider, 2011, p. 49). Different levels of development and problems related to their recognition were also reviewed in the studies by Patterson (2008) and Erikson (1968). According to Piaget, pupils in this class are at concrete operational stage. At this stage, children are able to fulfil assignments that are based on concrete instructions as opposed to the abstract tasks where hypothetica l or abstract situations are suggested and abstract solutions should be found to abstract problems. In this respect, the children of 7-11 years old can accomplish the task where every stage is understandable and clear.Advertising Looking for assessment on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Criticism of Piaget’s thought includes the ideas about limit of the levels and concepts applied. â€Å"The developmental theory of Jean Piaget has been criticized on the grounds that it is conceptually limited, empirically false, or philosophically and epistemologically untenable† (Lourenco Machado, 1996, p. 143). Nevertheless, Piaget’s thoughts are helpful for teachers to select appropriate tasks and activities for students from different age groups and help them develop certain skills. Gardner’s perspective is largely based on the theories existing before in education though the major contribution of this author is the variety of intelligences that were believed to be developed through experience. Four learning styles listed by Reid (1987) introduce the differences in preferences of learning activities chosen by native speakers and foreign language learners to facilitate the process of choosing the most appropriate activities for the lesson plan. In th e lesson plan, activities are designed in different ways to fit different pupils. Cameron (2001) addressed theme-based teaching and included visualisation as one of the main factors of effective learning. Studies by R. Dunn (1983, 1984) and Reinert (1976) identify the major four learning channels of students. In this respect, the current lesson plan s based on the theories aimed at making the learning more effective. Evaluation As there is not perfect lesson plan, every plan designed with regard to certain theories and aimed to meet the needs of certain categories of students, is sure to have some advantages as well as disadvantages. In this respect, the current lesson plan is designed for students aged 9-11 who acquire foreign language in Taiwan with the help of learning activities created using theme-based learning. Advantages The main advantages of the current lesson plan include variety of materials used by the teacher to foster the discussion in class. Besides, every student ma y be interested in various activities which mean that the same activity for the entire period of the lesson would not be appropriate for the language acquisition class. In this respect, the variety of materials such as various games, description of pictures, story-telling, storybook reading, and role-playing contribute greatly to the effectiveness of comprehension of the taught materials and effective acquisition of the foreign language. The analysis of games may be carried out with regard to appropriateness or inappropriateness of this type f activity to language acquisition lessons. According to the study by Tough (2009), Vygotsky advocated the appropriateness of using playing games because it contributed greatly to the development of children. Pictures can be used in a lesson so that students can describe them using their inner speech patterns first and them applying the inner text into the spoken words (Santrock, 2001). In this respect, the pictures used for learning activities are aimed at serving as preparation models for students to formulate what they want to say with the help of their inner speech and then represent their descriptions of pictures. This can sometimes be difficult for foreign language learners because they may formulate their inner speech in their mother tongue whereas the oral descriptions are made in the foreign language. On the other hand, this activity would help students to use the foreign language for their inner speech as one of the main principles and tools for foreign language acquisition because students are taught to think in foreign language. Storybook reading and role-playing appear to be of special importance for the lessons aimed at mentoring students aged 9-11 years old because children have to be interested in the learning process and take active part in the process. Pictures can motivate learners and bring fun to learning due to the age of participants. Games can bring motivation to young learners as well as bright pic tures used for guiding the learners. In the lesson plan, teacher will introduce a story to the whole class while every pupil may have a specific perception of the characters and events presented in the story. A teacher may ask several comprehension questions from the storybook in order to assess the understanding of the text and the events including the relationship between different objects/concepts outlined in the story. Group work as well as work in pairs can be encourage for pupils because they may feel confused when asked to talk independently but contribute greatly to collective projects. The role-playing may be challenging and encouraging for students at the same time because they are asked to select a role and act it out using specific behavioural patterns typical of the subjects that are chosen for role-playing. As such, different social roles as well as professions, family relations, and other interrelations may be taught with the help of role-playing for foreign language learners. On the other hand, there are some disadvantages of this lesson plan based on constructive development theory. Disadvantages The main disadvantage of the current lesson plan is that students mostly use foreign language in class whereas they should have more opportunities in real life environment to apply their knowledge skills in practice. On the other hand, the current lesson plan can be considered a good method to overcome this disadvantage because the teacher may include more different topics related to everyday life into the lesson plans in order to develop students’ knowledge of language units and patterns that can be applied to various situations. To evaluate a language programme, many aspects have to be taken into consideration. If a teacher plans to include student’s evaluation with regard to the results of observations, certain assessment criteria and standards should be previously established. Reflection The current lesson plan seems to be structured in accordance with the theories and principles suggested by such theorist of constructive development models for learning as Vygotsky, Piaget, Bruner, and Gardner. All these researchers contributed greatly to the establishment of specific principles that can be used in class. As such, the lesson plan includes playing as one of the ways to develop a child while inner speech patterns are taken into account in the activities aimed at requiring answers to some questions: Students are asked to answer the question and they start formulating the answers by applying the inner speech patterns to the oral presentation. In this respect, the current lesson plan suggests a set of theme-based learning activities in order to involve the learners into acquisition of language patterns used in different social environments. At the same time, the activity has such disadvantage as the fact that learners do not use foreign language in everyday life when they rather use their mother tongue. Future Plans The future plans for the theme-based learning activities include a number of detailed sets that would reflect the everyday life of learners so that they could associate the topics taught in class with some patterns and concepts encountered at home and while communicating with friends outside the class. In other words, the class activities should aim to reflect the needs and interests, preferences and concerns of students they experience outside the class. As such, feelings and emotions as well as fears and concerns should be addressed during foreign language acquisition classes so that students could communicate effectively in foreign language. In addition, different types of activities should be included in order to cover all types of memory and perception of students. Reference List Bruner, J., 1966. Toward a theory of instruction. Harvard, MA: Harvard University Press. Cameron, L., 2006. Picture this: My Lesson. How LAMS is being used with pre-service teachers to develop effecti ve classroom activities. Proceedings of the First International LAMS, pp. 25-34. Available at: https://www.lamsfoundation.org/lams2006/pdfs/Cameron_LAMS06.pdf . Doff, Adrian, 1988. Teach English: a training course for teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Dunn, R., 1983. Learning style and its relation to exceptionality at both ends of the spectrum. Exceptional Children, 49, pp. 496-506. Dunn, R., 1984. Learning style: state of the scene. Theory into Practice, 23, pp. 10-19. Erikson, E., 1968. Identity, youth, and crisis. New York: Norton. Jonassen, D. H., 1999. Constructing learning environments on the web: Engaging students in meaningful learning. EdTech 99: Educational Technology Conference and Exhibition 1999: Thinking Schools, Learning Nation. Lourenco, O., Machado, A., 1996. In defence of Piaget’s theory: a reply to ten common criticisms. Psychological Review 103 (1), pp. 143–164. Martine, Linda, n. d. The advantages and disadvantages of using small g roup and pair work in the classroom, pp. 35-39. Web. Patterson, C., 2008. Child development. New York: McGraw-Hill. Piaget, J. Inhelder, B., 1969. The psychology of the child. New York: Basic Books, Inc. Piaget, J., 1977. Edited by H. E. Gruber J. J. Voneche. The essential Piaget. New York: Basic Books. Reid, J. M., 1987. The learning style preferences of ESL students. TESOL Quarterly, 21 (1), pp. 87-111. Reinert, H., 1976. One picture is worth a thousand words? Not necessarily. Modern Language Journal, 60, pp. 160-168. Santrock, J., 2001. A topical approach to life-span development. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Sigelman, C. K., Rider, E. A., 2011. Life-span human development. 7th ed. London: Cengage Learning. Tajmel, T., Starl, K., eds., 2009. Science education unlimited: approaches to equal opportunities in learning science. Berlin: Waxmann Verlag. Tough, S. P., 2009. Can the right kinds of play teach self-control? New York Times, 2009/09/27 (reviewing the â€Å"Tools of the Mi nd† curriculum based on Vygotsky’s research). Vygotsky, L. S., 1978. Mind in society: the development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge: MA, Harvard University Press. Wood, D., Bruner, J., Ross, G., 1976. The role of tutoring in problem solving. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 17, pp. 89-100. This assessment on The main principles of development and learning by Vygotsky was written and submitted by user Kristen W. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Wright and Dostoevsky essays

Wright and Dostoevsky essays Both Fyodor Dostoyevsky, in Crime and Punishment and Richard Wright, in Native Son look to men who have been pushed beyond reason into murder, and both authors ask us what justice means in such a context. The answers that the authors provide are quite different - which should hardly be surprising since both authors suggest that ideas of justice must reflect the local realities of life in a given place and time and the settings for each of the novels is dramatically different. But the answers that each provides are also strikingly open-ended: We must ourselves decide in the end what justice was granted and what denied to Both novels ask us to decide for ourselves what moral action is possible in a society in which justice is scarce, and our answer to that question in large measure will reflect our own experiences of how justice A Man With No Place To Go Wright's novel - arguably one of the most influential American books of the 20th century - relates the story of Bigger Thomas, a man who had never had a fair chance in life because of the racism he faces as an African-American. We see him traveling downward through society and we can predict that his actions will lead him (as in fact they do) to crime and punishment. As a young black man in a decade (the 1930s) and a place (Chicago) that sees him as only being of possible use as a slightly more intelligent than average beast of burden) he is trapped and made desperate by a future in which the walls will continue to close in on him. His desperation, and his anger (as well as his underlying personality) lead him to the edge of violence and then push him over and he murders a young white woman. From this moment on he cannot hope to find any help, any hope, in a society that already had very little use He is abandon...

The Determination of the Causes of Violence Perpetrated by Students Research Proposal

The Determination of the Causes of Violence Perpetrated by Students - Research Proposal Example The issue has exhibited its potential to compromise the quality of education, a factor that places emphasis on the need to understand the real causes of such violence. Parents and school administrators have embarked on a blame game concerning the issue. However, there is a need for a more rational view which should establish why the perpetrators of such violence in school choose to do so. Notably, the majority of the teenagers perpetrating violence are between the ages of 12 and 18 placing them in the category of adolescents. Previous research has sought to highlight some of the leading factors that may motivate students to involve themselves in violent acts. However, none of the previous researches have been conclusive regarding the issue. In a bid to establish the causes of violence perpetrated by students in school, a mixed methodology research will be carried out. In the United States, violence in school has been reported since 1927. However, the 1980s registered an increased prevalence of school shootings and other forms of violence perpetrated within the school. In the 1990s, such cases became more popular and their effects became more widespread. According to statistics, about 200 cases of violence in schools have been reported in the United States. In this country, there is an ever increasing fear of future occurrences of violence perpetrated by students. The type of violence in question denotes school shootings, rape cases, bullying, stabs, and other cases of minor violence. Although the media has been blamed for exaggerating the seriousness of the issue, there is no doubt that violence in schools needs real solutions. In order to define effective strategies of intervention, there is a salient need to understand the root causes of the problem (Barnes, Brynard, & de Wet, 2012). Previous researches have indicated that a considerable percentage of students admit to experiencing a form of violence in school.

Naomi Barkos perspective of the wage gap due to gender differences Essay

Naomi Barkos perspective of the wage gap due to gender differences - Essay Example Research has been done on the present situation of the wage gap in US in the last decade and the improvements made in the last 30 to 40 after the enforcement of equal wages act and the women’s movement in mid 20th century. Naomi Barko’s perspective of the wage gap due to gender differences Women are still considered as second grade custody workers in various job sectors. A decade ago in the US, women were still being paid low as compared to the men for the same job that they were doing. Women care takers and cleaners has a salary widely disparate form that of men and all because of gender difference. A salary gap of 8000 US dollars separated the women’s yearly income (22000 US Dollars) form the men’s yearly income (30000 US Dollars). (Barko 1) Even after 5 decades since the enforcement of the Equal Payment Act of 1963, American women earned 74 cents for every dollar earned by men, according to the study published jointly by the AFL-CIO and The Institute fo r Women’s Policy Research (IWPR), Washington (Barko 1). An increase in the wages of women task force employed across different industry sectors and in different categories would bring more than 50 % of low income dual-earner and single-mother households above the poverty line. Recent study has challenged the age-old argument of lesser industry experience, child bearing time off and child rearing time off supporting low income of women stating that 43 % of wage gap remains unexplained. Secondary Research After the industrial revolution in the late 19th and early 20th century many new fields of work emerged and the professional world witnessed a boom. New posts were created, new organisations came into existence and new business lines became viable profit-making options. Niche became main-stream and options multiplied. Even in this abundance of organisation, roles and opportunities women generally were granted lower posts, lower income and less challenging roles. It’s on ly been a recent development that women are now being considered and granted equal professional status as their male counterparts. The change in perception of the job industry only changed in the last three decades with the industry stepping into the Silicon Age and the IT boom. IT industry, Media and Entertainment Industry, staffing and HR industry and even government service has matured to not only include women in their task force but grant them equal career levels as compared to men, challenging roles and better pay than earlier. Even after the women’s right movement worldwide and HR concept of inclusion, gender diversity and equality the gap hasn’t reduced significantly and statistics still remain the same â€Å"Women's earnings were  77.0 percent of men's in 2011, compared to 77.4 percent in 2010, according to  Census statistics released September 12, 2012 based on the median earnings of all full-time, year-round workers.  Men's earning in 2011 were $48,20 2 and women's were $37,118, a difference of $11,084.† (National Committee on Pay Equity 2012) Top employers in the Multi-national Corporation category in the software, manufacturing, consultancy and engineering industry have included women in almost all departments,

Economic Recovery Was the Main Reason for the Survival of the Nazi State Essay Example for Free

Economic Recovery Was the Main Reason for the Survival of the Nazi State Essay Hitler’s appointment as Chancellor in 1933 brought about the beginning of the end to a brief democratic government in Germany. He worked hard to return to the old Totalitarian rule with himself as dictator, and also for ‘Machtergreifung’ – the seizure of power. Hitler had no intention of sharing power and his aim was to achieve complete control over Germany and to build a German Empire through the Nazi Party. His personality and manifesto were extremely convincing to people of all age groups and people believed Hitler had the power to restore Germany to past greatness. Promises such as the decrease in unemployment levels were also coming true and his totalitarian rule had suppressed all other opposition. Dr. Goebels also played a large part in covering up the horrific truth behind Hitler’s ideology. The propaganda convinced the German people that the violence used, such as the action of the SS, was beneficial to the maintenance of the state. The Nazi’s also began to victimize certain stereotypes so that they would gain more support and shift the blame for any problems onto groups such as the Jews. This also inevitably installed a fear in most Germans. Propaganda was a core method that Hitler used to gain control and support within Germany. The emotion, romanticism and passion behind his speeches and most importantly his rallies at Nuremburg were able to convince the German people about Hitler’s ideology, which some historians would argue is the most important factor when securing the political stability of the Nazi Party. Goebel’s gained the title of ‘Minister of Propaganda’ under Hitler’s government in 1933. As Reichsminister for Propaganda and National Enlightenment, Goebbels was given complete control over radio, press, cinema, and theatre; later he also regimented all German culture. Goebbels placed his undeniable intelligence and his brilliant insight into mass psychology entirely at the service of his party. His most potent propaganda was against the Jews (used as a scapegoat to absorb any problems Germany had). As a hypnotic orator he was second only to Hitler, and in his staging of mass meetings and parades he was unsurpassed. The power that Goebels propaganda had over the German showed just how significant a political figure he was. Persuasive leadership such as this is a large reason why the Nazis managed to stay in power for so long. However it was not only Goebels that had a huge influence over the German people. When taking in to account the strength of the Nazi leadership the personality of Hitler himself should not be forgotten. His charismatic and recognizable personality was the driving force behind the rise of the Nazi’s and even as the reality behind his proposals came out, the supporters were not only backed up by the fulfilment of the economic promises Hitler had made but by the influence of his character. Heinrich Himmler, commander of the SS installed fear into the people of Germany using violence. Hitler has constructed a perfect group of leaders, and their unquestionable authority was key in maintaining the Nazi state. The SS were Hitler’s soldiers in the sense that they swore complete loyalty. We vow to you and the superiors appointed by you obedience unto death. So help us God. † This was the oath taken by SS soldiers directed at Hitler. The SS state induced a fear into the people of Germany through incidents such as the ‘Night of the Long Knives’ in which the SS rounded up and shot around 400 victims, all of which were posing some sort of threat to Hitler. This made it especially clear to Germany the type of response someone Opposing the would get, therefore no one dared to start an uprising, leaving the Nazi’s to thrive on the power they had accumulated. Hitler’s absolute dictatorship gave him the power to introduce extremities of Anti Semitism. The Jews became a scapegoat for Germany’s problems: the defeat in WWI, the problems faced due to the Treaty of Versailles, the increasing communist support, the failure of the Weimar Government and the economic problems. Schoolchildren were being taught how to prejudice against Jews with changes to the curriculum, and racial purity was greatly encouraged. Hitler provided substance behind the anti Semitism making it popular amongst many Germans who were jealous of the Jew’s economic success. The humiliation of the Jews steadily increased and events such as Kristallnacht – in which Jewish homes, businesses and synagogues were looted reiterated all fear felt towards the Nazi’s. Providing a prejudice upon which the Germans could vent their anger took all of the problems away from the Nazi’s, leaving them to be seen as completely positive for the rebuilding of Germany. This was also greatly enhanced by the suppression of all opposition by the Nazi party. Hitler was slowly making Germany into a totalitarian state in hich he was the only person with power. Gleichschaltung was introduced to make Nazism a part of everyday life. It is the complete co-ordination of everything to do with the Nazi regime. Nazi groups were being set up for all works of life including youth groups, secretarial groups, doctor groups and in 1936 a Nazi approved church was founded. Hitler was making Nazism unavoidable and these groups all encouraged Nazi support and ideology. Children were even encouraged to tell on their parents if there was any suspicion that they opposed the policies of the party. Hindenburg’s death in 1934 gave Hitler complete chancellorship and he gave himself the title of Fuhrer. â€Å"Ein Volk, Ein Reich, Ein Fuhrer† this motto was passed around Germany to indicate how Germany was being brought together under one absolute leader with no opposition. However Hitler had to work to gain such unquestioned authority. In 1933 the Burning of the Reichstag led Hitler to claim emergency powers from President Hindenburg giving him unopposed power to make enabling acts. These acts gave Hitler the ability to pass laws without consulting the Reichstag; the second step, after the Reichstag Fire Decree which gave Hitler plenary powers and helped him on the way to a dictatorship. The night of the long knives, as previously mentioned, also eliminated opposition. Ernst Rohm was leader of the SA, and after showing loyalty to Hitler by helping him attain chancellorship, he and his Stormtroopers wanted some sort of reward. Hitler showed how any resistance at all would be treated by killing Rohm and all other SA leaders. Hitler also abolished all trade unions so that there was no possibility of a workers revolution against him. The elimination of opposition had made the Nazis the sole party in Germany making it extremely difficult to get rid of such a prominent part of everyday life. Hitler also wanted to please the people and fulfil his promises so that he would still have popular support. The KDF organisation was introduced to please the working class. It gave them cheap or free holidays and evening classes. The Nazis also avoided heavy taxation and a reduction in consumer goods. This pleased the people and most were thought to be fairly happy with the Nazi’s performance in government. The Unemployment figures fell rapidly from 6% of the population out of work to 0. 04% in 1939. This was being done through labour camps, public works programme such as the innovative Auto-Bahn and the Nazi Party under the Gleichschaltung regime created many jobs. A main policy for Hitler was the self sufficiency of Germany called Autarky. This was a postitive thing for agricultural workers as the prices of goods were fixed. Germany’s GNP rose by 102% and it seemed as if everyone was pleased with the results that the Nazi party was producing, so there was no real reason to want to start a revolution. The economic recovery of Germany in the period whilst the Nazis were in power was very important to ensuring that the people were pleased and still supported the party. However with the removal of all opposition in reality the German people had little choice but to be governed by Hitler, and if they were opposing him; many were to scared to act. The leadership of Hitler himself and main political figures stabilised the Government and sorted out many of the problems resulting from WWI and the weak Weimar Government causing the people of Germany to trust Hitler. All of these factors contribute to show why the Nazi’s stayed in power, despite the horrific truths behind the policies. Many Germans just saw Hitler and the Nazi Party as an answer to the problems that Germany had long been searching to solve.

How Conan Doyle Perceives a Victorian Gentleman in Sherlock Holmes :: Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Sherlock Holmes Essays

How Conan Doyle Perceives a Victorian Gentleman in Sherlock Holmes Sherlock Holmes is a hero, he is also a typical Victorian gentleman. A very important fact about the books is that he was the first detective. This brought him much attention and many people loved this idea. He set the standard and has been copied by others many times. Detectives nowadays are still perceived to be just like Sherlock Holmes. They still have the same mannerisms: for example Sherlock Holmes Detectives nowadays * High Moral Yes. * Money - Rich Usually. * Women Not many of the detectives favour women. * Very clever Yes. * Loner Not many friends * Has a drug problem Many drink, and abuse alcohol etc. This table shows how many detectives nowadays are still very much like Holmes. Holmes was very popular too many people in the Victorian era. He was a brake from normal life, an escape from reality. Many of the men had to perfect and where find it too difficult so would take a break and read Conan Doyle's stories on Holmes. Victorian people needed a break from the hustle and bustle of the streets and daily life so turned to the stories of Sherlock Holmes. At this time in the Victorian era the police didn't have much control. There were many people on the streets and there was a lot of crime. Jack the Ripper was also on the loose and people didn't feel safe. They turned to Holmes to reassure them and comfort them. There was also a rise in middle class educated people. This meant more people were reading so would be more interested in finding good books. As more and more people enjoyed them the word spread, so many more people would by his stories, of Holmes. The first story that I am going to talk about is The Speckled Band. The Speckled Band This is a story about heartless widower, Dr Roylott. He returns with his twin step-daughters to Stoke Moran, to his family's old and country house, where wild animals and gypsies wander on its grounds. One of the girls, Helen, visits Holmes after the death of her sister. She comes to Holmes and tells him the story. She exclaims to Holmes that she came out of the room screaming "the band, the speckled band." Holmes notices livid spots and marks on Helen's wrists made by her stepfather, and agrees to go with Watson to Stoke Moran to investigate. They occupy the bedroom of her dead twin which is located next to Dr Roylott's. Late at night they hear a noise which proves to be a speckled snake going down the bell-pull from Roylott's bedroom.

Domestic Politics and International Relations Essay

I. International relations as venerable subject. A. People were studying international relations before there were nations. B. Kautilya, Sun Tzu, Thucydides, and Herodotus were the first philosophers and scientists to write about international relations more than 2,500 years ago. C. The key fundamental law of international relations states that politics is rooted in domestic affairs. D. The moral law causes people to remain subjected to their ruler and moral law restrains the use of force. II. Methods to investigate the history of international relations are combining logic and evidence, mathematical method and statistical analysis. A. The method of combining logic and evidence or case studies. 1. Knowledge of international relations will be improved. 2. The path to insight is to analyze individual events or, in other words, to develop a case study. 3. Case studies are effective in evaluating the verisimilitude between the theory and practice (action). B. Statistical analysis suggests aims at investigating general patterns among the cases and examines large numbers of events. 1. Predicted patterns should include the probability distribution across the outcomes, not across deterministic results. 2. The method uncovers ideas and key points about the general orderliness of the origin of international relations. 3. In contrast to case study approach, statistical method probes the generality of the hypothesis under investigation, as well as its extreme validity. C. Mathematical analysis ensures internal consistency in arguments about complex relations about variables. 1. Mathematics is claimed to be the best tool for pursuing logical analysis of the complex problems as the alternative contains greater ambiguity and imprecision in meaning. 2. Still many scientists denounce the importance of mathematical method in learning international relations as they argue that ‘the interesting problems of politics are too complex to be reduced to mathematical equations’, but mathematics is exact when dealing with complex problems. 3. Mathematical approach is necessary for linking case study and archival techniques. III. Fundamental insight in the nature of international affairs through effectiveness and combination of key methods. A. Case studies should be facilitated because of their nature unique and not indicative of general laws. B. Productive collaboration with colleagues should be encouraged by combing mathematical, statistical and formal methods. C. The benefits of case studies are well-known, whereas the benefits of logical and mathematical methods are still under debate. D. Nowadays, all three methodologies are used for evaluation how international relations are shaped to domestic politics.

Selling Used Textbooks Online

Textbooks are expensive. With most books costing $100 or more each, its not unheard of for students to spend well over $1,000 on textbooks during their academic career. And once youre done with a textbook, what do you do with it? Some schools offer a buyback program that will take your textbooks back and give you cash in return. Unfortunately, they rarely pay top dollar, which means you might take a considerable loss. A second option is to sell your used textbooks online. This latter option might just put a few more dollars back into your pocket. Get tips on how to sell used textbooks for cash. Where to Sell Used Textbooks There are a number of places to sell used textbooks online. Some of them allow you to sell directly to buyers, and others sell the books for you so that you can put a significant sum of money in your pocket without doing a lot of work.   Before selling any of your used textbooks, you should take the time to compare the different prices you will get from the various outlets that sell books. Of course, you dont want to get too carried away with the comparison if you dont have a lot of time on your hands. There are tons of sites that buy used textbooks; you could spend hours comparing prices on just one book. Youre better off making a list of options and checking those sites in particular.  Some of the best places to sell use textbooks include: BetterWorldBooks: You can sell or donate your books to this site. BetterWorld pays the shipping.BIGWORDS: Get up to 75 percent of your money back when you use BIGWORDs buyback comparison tool.Blue Rectangle: This site pays the shipping when you sell your used textbooks to them.Book Scouter: Use this site to find the website that will buy your used textbooks for the highest price.BooksIntoCash: This long-established site offers fast payment and free shipping to students who want to get rid of old textbooks.BooksValue.com: This site buys used textbooks from both students and faculty.Cash 4 Books: You can receive a payment within three business days when you sell used textbooks to this website.CKY Books: CKY will send you payment within 24 to 48 hours of receiving your used textbooks.CollegeSmarts: You can sell and trade your used textbooks on CollegeSmarts.Craigslist: Craigslist is a great place to sell anything--textbooks are no exception.eBay: On eBay, you can set a reserve and get t he price you need for your used textbooks.eTextShop.com: This site guarantees the most money for your used textbooks. Other perks include free shipping and fast payment.Half.com: This eBay site is a great place to sell used textbooks.Kijiji: This classifieds site is a good place to sell used textbooks and other school supplies.MoneyForBooks.com: Get free shipping labels, fast payment, and other perks from this site.SellBackBooks: This site offers instant quotes and fast payment with direct deposits.Textbook Buyer: You can sell used textbooks, manuals, and other study materials through Textbook Buyer.TextbookX.com: This site pays 200 percent more than bookstores that buy textbooks.Valore Books: Valore is known for having some of the highest buyback prices.